Pioneered by Rainer Loacker — who left the family chocolate wafer business to pursue biodynamic winemaking — Loacker Wine Estates farms three Italian properties: Schwarhof near Bolzano (est. 1979, 7ha of Vernatsch, Lagrein, and international varieties), Corte Pavone in Montalcino (18ha, Brunello), and Valdifalco in Maremma. The original Schwarhof farmhouse dates to 1334. Strictly biodynamic since the late 1970s, using homeopathic preparations on vines. Spontaneous fermentation with indigenous yeasts; minimal sulphites added only at bottling.